Toward the end of the campaign against Antigonus, Herod married the granddaughter of Hyrcanus II, Mariamne (known as Mariamne I), who was also a niece of Antigonus. Herod went back to Judea to win his kingdom from Antigonus. Josephus puts this in the year of the consulship of Calvinus and Pollio (40 BCE), but Appian places it in 39 BCE. In Rome, Herod was unexpectedly appointed King of the Jews by the Roman Senate. The Romans had a special interest in Judea because their general Pompey the Great had conquered Jerusalem in 63 BCE, thus placing the region in the Roman sphere of influence. Herod fled to Rome to plead with the Romans to restore Hyrcanus II to power. In 40 BCE Antigonus, Hyrcanus' nephew, took the Judean throne from his uncle with the help of the Parthians. They were placed in this role to support Hyrcanus II. In 41 BCE the Roman leader Mark Antony named Herod and his brother Phasael as tetrarchs.
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When yet a private man, Herod had determined to punish Hyrcanus the Hasmonean king, who had once summoned Herod to stand trial for murder, but was restrained from doing so by the intervention of his father and his elder brother.
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He enjoyed the backing of Rome, but the Sanhedrin condemned his brutality. During this time the young Herod cultivated a good relationship with Sextus Caesar, the acting Roman governor of Syria, who appointed Herod as general of Coelesyria and Samaria, greatly expanding his realm of influence. Antipater's elder son, Phasael, served in the same capacity as governor of Jerusalem. There he faithfully farmed the taxes of that region for the Roman Senate, and he met with success in ridding that region of bandits. 47 BCE when Herod was about either 25 or 28 years old ( Greek original: "15 years of age"). Herod, Antipater's son, was appointed provincial governor of Galilee in c. Herod rose to power largely due to his father's good relations with the Roman general and dictator Julius Caesar (100 to 44 BCE), who entrusted Antipater with the public affairs of Judea. Thus Herod's ethnic background was Arab on both sides of his family. This is a view shared also by some modern scholarly works which consider Idumaeans as of Arab or Nabataean origins. Strabo, a contemporary of Herod, held that the Idumaeans, whom he identified as of Nabataean origin, constituted the majority of the population of Western Judea, where they commingled with the Judaeans and adopted their customs. Herod's father was by descent an Edomite his ancestors had converted to Judaism. He was the second son of Antipater the Idumaean (113/114-43 BCE)), a high-ranking official under ethnarch Hyrcanus II, and Cypros, a Nabatean Arab princess from the city of Petra (in present-day Jordan). Herod was born in (or around) 72 BCE in Idumea, south of Judea.
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